Oceanariums, which are essentially large, controlled marine environments where marine animals are kept and displayed to the public, have become increasingly popular attractions around the world. One intriguing aspect of many of these facilities is their location—many are built underground. This unconventional choice raises the question: why are most oceanariums built underground?
The Science Behind the Underground Location
Temperature Control
One of the primary reasons for choosing an underground location is the ability to maintain a stable temperature year-round. Marine animals, especially those from tropical or temperate waters, require precise temperature control to remain healthy. Underground environments offer a natural buffer against the fluctuating temperatures above ground, ensuring a consistent and suitable habitat for the marine life.
Example: At the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta, the underground location allows for a constant water temperature of 82°F (28°C), which is ideal for the diverse marine species housed there.
Acoustic Environment
The underwater world is a noisy place, with sounds from waves, fish, and other marine life constantly echoing through the water. An underground location can help replicate this natural acoustic environment more closely than a surface building. This is important for the well-being of marine animals, as it allows them to communicate and behave naturally.
Natural Buffer Against External Disturbances
Underground facilities are shielded from external disturbances such as noise, light pollution, and weather changes. This creates a more serene environment for both the animals and the visitors, allowing for a more immersive and educational experience.
Practical Considerations
Cost-Effective Construction
Building an underground oceanarium can be more cost-effective than constructing a similar-sized facility above ground. The cost savings come from several factors:
- Reduced Land Use: Underground construction requires less land, which can be particularly beneficial in urban areas where land is at a premium.
- Insulation: The natural insulation provided by the earth can reduce heating and cooling costs, further saving money in the long run.
Safety
Underground facilities can be designed to be inherently safer than their above-ground counterparts. They can be built with thicker walls and reinforced roofs to withstand natural disasters such as hurricanes or earthquakes.
The Visitor Experience
Immersive Atmosphere
The underground location often contributes to a more immersive experience for visitors. The absence of windows and the sense of being underground can create a more authentic underwater atmosphere, enhancing the overall experience.
Accessibility
For some, the accessibility of underground oceanariums is a major advantage. They are often located near public transportation, making them easily accessible for people with mobility issues or those who prefer not to drive.
Conclusion
The decision to build most oceanariums underground is driven by a combination of scientific, practical, and experiential factors. The stability of temperature, the natural acoustic environment, cost-effectiveness, safety, and the immersive visitor experience all play a role in this unique architectural choice. As marine conservation and education continue to be important, the underground oceanariums are likely to remain a popular and effective way to showcase the wonders of the ocean.